{"id":1555,"date":"2020-07-31T09:00:42","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T07:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bllconsulting.com\/?p=1555"},"modified":"2022-02-04T14:28:17","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T13:28:17","slug":"liberte-individuelle-et-cybercriminalite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/liberte-individuelle-et-cybercriminalite\/","title":{"rendered":"Libert\u00e9 individuelle et cybercriminalit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab La cybercriminalit\u00e9 est la nouvelle menace du XXIe si\u00e8cle \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">S. Rolland, <i>La cybercriminalit\u00e9 est la nouvelle menace du XXIe si\u00e8cle<\/i>, La Tribune, 26 juillet 2015 :\u00a0<span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.latribune.fr\/technos-medias\/internet\/la-cybercriminalite-est-la-nouvelle-menace-du-xxie-siecle-485152.html\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.latribune.fr\/technos-medias\/internet\/la-cybercriminalite-est-la-nouvelle-menace-du-xxie-siecle-485152.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. L\u2019alerte n\u2019est pas vaine et s\u2019explique par la forte expansion de la criminalit\u00e9 dans l\u2019environnement num\u00e9rique. A l\u2019\u00e9chelle du monde, 42,8 millions de cyberattaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9es en 2014<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">C. Desjardin, <i>Quand le cauchemar de la cyberattaque devient r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/i>, Les Echos, 5 f\u00e9vrier 2015 : <span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/2015\/02\/quand-le-cauchemar-de-la-cyberattaque-devient-realite-199273\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.lesechos.fr\/2015\/02\/quand-le-cauchemar-de-la-cyberattaque-devient-realite-199273<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, soit plus de 117 000 attaques par jour. A l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la France, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2019 aura vu battre des records avec 67% d\u2019entreprises victimes de cyberattaques et seulement 10% aptes \u00e0 y faire face. Toutes n\u2019y survivent d\u2019ailleurs pas<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bradley, <em>2020 : La France championne des cyberattaques<\/em>, Silicon, 28 novembre 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.silicon.fr\/ avis-expert\/2020-la-france-championne-des-cyberattaques\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.silicon.fr\/ <u>avis-expert\/2020-la-france-championne-des-cyberattaques<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Cette ann\u00e9e 2020 a ainsi d\u00e9but\u00e9 avec 7 alertes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, 1 menace et incident, 130 avis de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et 1 indicateur de compromission<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Centre gouvernemental de veille, d\u2019alerte et de r\u00e9ponse aux attaques informatiques, attaques publi\u00e9es au 9 mars 2020 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p>S\u2019agissant de la libert\u00e9 individuelle, elle peut \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme le \u00ab droit fondamental de faire\u00a0 tout ce que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n\u2019a pas le droit d\u2019emp\u00eacher \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">G. Cornu, <i>Vocabulaire juridique<\/i>, PUF, 10\u00e8me \u00e9dition<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Il s\u2019agit ainsi d\u2019une \u00ab s\u00fbret\u00e9 garantissant les personnes, qui r\u00e9sulte de ce que nul ne peut \u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9 ni incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 que dans les cas pr\u00e9vus par la\u00a0 loi et suivant les formes prescrites d\u2019avance \u00bb. Parmi quelques exemples de libert\u00e9s individuelles : la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, le droit d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 internet, le droit \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e, le droit \u00e0 l\u2019honneur et \u00e0 la consid\u00e9ration, \u00ab le droit \u00e0 \u00bb la protection contre toutes formes de haine\u2026<\/p>\n<p>S\u2019agissant de la cybercriminalit\u00e9, elle peut \u00eatre d\u00e9finie comme l\u2019ensemble des \u00ab actes contrevenant (\u2026) aux lois nationales, utilisant les r\u00e9seaux ou les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information comme moyens de r\u00e9alisation d\u2019un d\u00e9lit ou d\u2019un crime, ou les ayant pour cible \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Agence nationale de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information, <em>D\u00e9fense et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information \u2013 Strat\u00e9gie de la France <\/em>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.gouv.fr\/uploads\/IMG\/pdf\/2011-02-15_Defense_et_securite_des_systemes_d_information_strategie_de_la_France.pdf\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.ssi.gouv.fr\/uploads\/IMG\/pdf\/<u>2011-02-15_Defense_et_securite_des_systemes_d_information_strategie_de_la_France.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Elle est partie int\u00e9grante, avec la cyberd\u00e9fense, du concept de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">op. cit.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Ses causes r\u00e9sident principalement dans la\u00a0 num\u00e9risation croissante, le progr\u00e8s technologique, l\u2019insuffisance de mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le caract\u00e8re transnational d\u2019internet.<\/p>\n<p>Il faut noter que la notion de cybercriminalit\u00e9 a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un encadrement notionnel et infractionnel progressif. Les infractions dites informatiques s\u2019opposaient initialement \u00e0 celles dites de contenu, selon qu\u2019elles \u00e9taient tent\u00e9es ou commises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019information et de communication, ou au moyen de celui-ci<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Loi n\u00b0 88-19 du 5 janvier 1988 relative \u00e0 la fraude informatique : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do? cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000875419&amp;categorieLien=id\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?<\/span><\/span><u>cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000875419&amp;categorieLien=id<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Sont venues s\u2019y ajouter les infractions contre la confidentialit\u00e9, l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et la disponibilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es et syst\u00e8mes, les infractions li\u00e9es aux atteintes \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle et aux droits connexes, ainsi que le racisme et la x\u00e9nophobie\u00a0sur internet<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Convention cybercriminalit\u00e9 du Conseil de l&rsquo;Europe du 23 novembre 2001 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2014_2019\/documents\/libe\/dv\/7_conv_budapest_\/7_conv_budapest_fr.pdf\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/<\/span><\/span><u>2014_2019\/documents\/libe\/dv\/7_conv_budapest_\/7_conv_budapest_fr.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Enfin, une harmonisation est intervenue s\u2019agissant des infractions terroristes<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">D\u00e9cision-cadre du 13 juin 2002 du Conseil de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne relative \u00e0 la lutte contre le terrorisme : <a href=\"http:\/\/riServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002F0475:20081209:FR:PDF\"><u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eur-<\/span><\/u><u>lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002F0475:20081209:FR:PDF<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0et certaines formes et manifestations de racisme et de x\u00e9nophobie sur internet<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">D\u00e9cision-cadre du 28 novembre 2008 du Conseil de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne : <u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/<\/span><\/u> <u>TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32008F0913&amp;from=EN<\/u><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<p>Pour comprendre ici comment la libert\u00e9 individuelle est impact\u00e9e par la cybercriminalit\u00e9, il faut traiter des droits et libert\u00e9s applicables \u00e0 l\u2019environnement num\u00e9rique (I), puis de ses restrictions (II).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I\u00a0 <u>\u00a0&#8211; Les droits et libert\u00e9s applicables \u00e0 l\u2019environnement num\u00e9rique<\/u><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>La libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et le droit d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 internetLa libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral est un droit fondamental dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">D\u00e9cision n\u00b0 2009-580 DC du 10 juin 2009 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/decision\/2009\/2009580DC.htm\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/decision\/2009\/2009580DC.htm<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Cela implique que \u00ab nul ne (soit) inqui\u00e9t\u00e9 pour ses opinions (\u2026) pourvu que leur manifestation ne trouble pas l&rsquo;ordre public \u00e9tabli par la Loi \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Article 11 de la D\u00e9claration des Droits de l&rsquo;Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 : <a href=\"http:\/\/Article 11 de la D\u00e9claration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/Droit-<\/span> francais\/Constitution\/Declaration-des-Droits-de-l-Homme-et-du-Citoyen-de-1789\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/Droit-<\/span><\/span> <u>francais\/Constitution\/Declaration-des-Droits-de-l-Homme-et-du-Citoyen-de-1789<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. La libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression \u00ab en ligne \u00bb est d\u2019ailleurs prot\u00e9g\u00e9e, comme tous les autres droits fondamentaux \u00ab hors ligne \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Conseil de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne 12 mai 2014 lignes directrices : <a href=\"http:\/\/data.consilium.europa.eu\/doc\/document\/ST-9647-2014-INIT\/fr\/pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/data.consilium.europa.eu\/doc\/document\/<\/span><u>ST-9647-2014-INIT\/fr\/pdf<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Conseil de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne 13 janvier 2016 lignes directrices : <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/09000016805c1ecd\"><u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/09000016805c1ecd<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Comme pour beaucoup d\u2019autres droits, cela signifie que la libert\u00e9 constitue le principe, et l\u2019interdiction l\u2019exception.Le droit d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 internet d\u00e9coule ainsi de cette libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">op. cit. D\u00e9cision n\u00b0 2009-580 DC du 10 juin 2009<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, et lui donne une ampleur particuli\u00e8re du fait d\u2019une absence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de filtrage ou de s\u00e9lection, habituellement de rigueur dans les modes d\u2019expression publics<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">A. Lepage, <i>Internet au regard de la loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la presse : un mode communication comme un autre ?<\/i>, in : A. Lepage (dir.), <i>L&rsquo;opinion num\u00e9rique. Internet : un nouvel esprit public<\/i>, 2 novembre 2006<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Il est ainsi \u00ab l\u2019un des instruments les plus pr\u00e9cieux de l\u2019un des droits de l\u2019homme les plus pr\u00e9cieux \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><i>Etude annuelle 2014 du Conseil d&rsquo;Etat &#8211; Le num\u00e9rique et les droits fondamentaux<\/i>, 9 septembre 2014 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/rapport\/34281-etude-annuelle-2014-du-conseil-detat-le-numerique-et-les-droits-fonda\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.vie-publique.fr\/rapport\/34281-etude-annuelle-2014-du-conseil-detat-le-numerique-et-les-droits-fonda<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, ainsi qu\u2019un droitfondamental<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">op. cit. <i>Etude annuelle 2014 du Conseil d&rsquo;Etat &#8211; Le num\u00e9rique et les droits fondamentaux<\/i>, 9 septembre 2014<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n<li>Le droit de r\u00e9ponse en ligne<br \/>\nCe droit de r\u00e9ponse s\u2019applique largement, pour \u00ab toute personne nomm\u00e9e ou d\u00e9sign\u00e9e dans un service de communication au public en ligne \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Loi n\u00b0 2004-575 du 21 juin 2004 pour la confiance dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000801164\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/<u>affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000801164<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, sauf \u00ab lorsque les utilisateurs sont en mesure, du fait de la nature du service de communication au public en ligne, de formuler directement les\u00a0observations qu&rsquo;appelle de leur part un message qui les met en cause \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">D\u00e9cret n\u00b02007-1527 du 24 octobre 2007 relatif au droit de r\u00e9ponse applicable aux services de communication au public en ligne et pris pour l&rsquo;application du IV de l&rsquo;article 6 de la loi n\u00b0 2004-575 du 21 juin 2004 pour la confiance dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do;?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000428279\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do;?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000428279<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Cela signifie que seraient exclues les personnes participant \u00e0 des chats et forums de discussion du fait du caract\u00e8re interactif, permettant d\u00e9j\u00e0 une r\u00e9ponse imm\u00e9diate et directe. De plus, le destinataire de la demande d\u2019exercice du droit de r\u00e9ponse est identifi\u00e9 comme le directeur de la publication, ce qui peut constituer un obstacle relatif \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de ce droit ; notamment en cas de r\u00e9ticence de l\u2019h\u00e9bergeur pour fournir les donn\u00e9es d\u2019identification du directeur pr\u00e9cit\u00e9. Les modalit\u00e9s d\u2019exercice de ce droit impliquent de satisfaire \u00e0 de nombreuses conditions : de d\u00e9lai, de forme, et de fond ; tout comme les modalit\u00e9s de publication de la r\u00e9ponse<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">op.cit. D\u00e9cret n\u00b02007-1527 du 24 octobre 2007<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.Chose int\u00e9ressante, le demandeur peut aussi solliciter la suppression ou la rectification du message en cause. Et le directeur de la publication a alors trois jours pour s\u2019ex\u00e9cuter. A d\u00e9faut de publication de la r\u00e9ponse sous 24h, ce dernier s\u2019expose \u00e0 une peine de 3 750 euros d\u2019amende<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">23)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">op. cit. D\u00e9cret n\u00b02007-1527 du 24 octobre 2007<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>II \u00a0<u>&#8211; Les restrictions applicables \u00e0 l\u2019environnement num\u00e9rique<\/u><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>L\u2019atteinte \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9eSi la vie priv\u00e9e fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une absence de d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e par les auteurs en doctrine comme \u00ab une sph\u00e8re secr\u00e8te de vie o\u00f9 l\u2019individu aura le pouvoir d\u2019\u00e9carter les tiers \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">24)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Carbonnier, <em>Droit civil : Les personnes<\/em>, tome I, 20\u00e8me \u00e9dition, 1996, n\u00b086<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, ou encore comme \u00ab la sph\u00e8re d\u2019intimit\u00e9 de chacun \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">25)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cornu, <em>Vocabulaire juridique<\/em>, PUF, 10\u00e8me \u00e9dition<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Il reste possible de proposer quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments composant la vie priv\u00e9e : vie familiale, vie sentimentale, image des personnes, image de leurs biens, sant\u00e9, convictions religieuses, publicit\u00e9 de l\u2019imp\u00f4t, vie financi\u00e8re, loisirs, mort, informations librement consultables, informations des registres d\u2019\u00e9tat civil \u00e0 expiration d\u2019un d\u00e9lai de 75 ans.Pour autant, cette carence notionnelle n\u2019enl\u00e8ve rien \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une double protection de la vie priv\u00e9e. D\u2019une part, sa protection civile<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">26)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Article 9 du code civil : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006419288&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721&amp;dateTexte=19940730\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?<\/span><\/span><u>idArticle=LEGIARTI000006419288&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721&amp;dateTexte=19940730<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0peut justifier du juge toutes mesures propres \u00e0 emp\u00eacher ou faire cesser l\u2019atteinte. D\u2019autre part, sa protection p\u00e9nale<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">27)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Articles 226-1 \u00e0 226-7 du code p\u00e9nal : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCode.do;jsessionid=8981B9C43EC7A1790EB31FDE8B677607.tplgfr22s_2?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006165309&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&amp;dateTexte=20020101\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/<u>affichCode.do;jsessionid=8981B9C43EC7A1790EB31FDE8B677607.tplgfr22s_2?<\/u><u>idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006165309&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&amp;dateTexte=20020101<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir ou sanctionner l\u2019atteinte volontaire \u00e0 l\u2019intimit\u00e9 de la vie priv\u00e9e via un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 quelconque. Soit en captant, enregistrant, ou transmettant des paroles prononc\u00e9es \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 ou confidentiel. Soit en fixant, enregistrant ou transmettant l\u2019image d\u2019une personne se trouvant dans un lieu priv\u00e9 sans son consentement. Ledit lieu priv\u00e9 \u00e9tant un endroit qui n&rsquo;est ouvert \u00e0 personne sauf autorisation de celui qui l&rsquo;occupe<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">28)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Initialement CA Besan\u00e7on 5 janvier 1978, plus r\u00e9cemment CA d\u2019Aix-en-Provence, 9 janvier 2006 : <u>https:\/\/<\/u> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?idTexte=JURITEXT000006949097<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0(ex : prison, gare,a\u00e9roport).Les cas de non atteinte les plus fr\u00e9quents \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e sont ainsi : des faits pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_29');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_29');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">29)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_29\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">TGI Paris, 17\u00e8me chambre, 17 d\u00e9cembre 2014, n\u00b0 13\/12734 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doctrine.fr\/d\/TGI\/Paris\/2014\/ FRCB250CB73A93345F35CD\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.doctrine.fr\/d\/TGI\/Paris\/2014\/<\/span><\/span> <u>FRCB250CB73A93345F35CD<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_29').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_29', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, une personne non identifiable<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_30');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_30');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">30)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_30\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Civ 1\u00e8re, 9 avril 2014, n\u00b0 12-29.588 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do? idTexte=JURITEXT000028843900\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<\/span><\/span> <u>idTexte=JURITEXT000028843900<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_30').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_30', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, un nom de famille utilis\u00e9 seul comme m\u00e9ta balise<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_31');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_31');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">31)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_31\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Civ 1\u00e8re, 10 septembre 2014, n\u00b0 13-12.464 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029453517&amp;fastReqId=1053008442&amp;fastPos=1\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<\/span><\/span><u>oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029453517&amp;fastReqId=1053008442&amp;fastPos=1<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_31').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_31', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, et la g\u00e9olocalisation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sous le contr\u00f4le du Procureur de la R\u00e9publique<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_32');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_32');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">32)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_32\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Crim, 15 octobre 2014, 12-82.391 et 14-85.056 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029606490\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<\/span><\/span><u>oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029606490<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_32').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_32', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n<li>Les atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019honneur, \u00e0 la consid\u00e9ration, et certaines manifestations de haineIl faut d\u2019abord traiter de la diffamation, l\u2019injure, le d\u00e9nigrement. La diffamation consiste en une all\u00e9gation ou imputation d\u2019un fait qui porte atteinte \u00e0 l&rsquo;honneur et \u00e0 la consid\u00e9ration d\u2019une personne ou du corps auquel le fait est imput\u00e9<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_33');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_33');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">33)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_33\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse : <a href=\"http:\/\/Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?<\/span> cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070722\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do? <u>cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070722<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_33').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_33', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. La personne poursuivie est alors pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e de mauvaise foi, sauf droit de libre critique<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_34');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_34');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">34)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_34\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">TGI Paris, 3\u00e8me chambre, 19 octobre 2007, n\u00b0 06\/11874 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?idTexte=JURITEXT000018863985\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<u>idTexte=JURITEXT000018863985<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_34').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_34', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Il convient de distinguer la diffamation de l\u2019injure, qui est une expression outrageante, ou des termes de m\u00e9pris ou invective ne renfermant l\u2019imputation d\u2019aucun fait<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_35');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_35');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">35)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_35\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">op. cit. Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. L\u2019excuse de provocation peut \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9e, sous r\u00e9serve d\u2019un lien direct entre l\u2019injure et la provocation. Il convient \u00e9galement de distinguer la diffamation et l\u2019injure du d\u00e9nigrement, qui consiste \u00e0 jeter publiquement le discr\u00e9dit sur une personne ou une entreprise, par la critique de ses produits ou de son travail pour lui nuire, m\u00eame en l\u2019absence de concurrence<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_36');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_36');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">36)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_36\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">cit. Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_36').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_36', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Il est constitutif d\u2019un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale.Il faut ensuite traiter de certaines manifestations de haine. D\u2019une part, la contestation de l\u2019existence d&rsquo;un ou plusieurs crimes contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_37');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_37');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">37)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_37\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Loi n\u00b0 90-615 du 13 juillet 1990 tendant \u00e0 r\u00e9primer tout acte raciste, antis\u00e9mite ou x\u00e9nophobe : <a href=\"https:\/\/ www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_37').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_37', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, tel que le n\u00e9gationnisme. D\u2019autre part, les actes racistes et leur p\u00e9nalisation accrue<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_38');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_38');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">38)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_38\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Loi n\u00b0 90-615 du 13 juillet 1990 tendant \u00e0 r\u00e9primer tout acte raciste, antis\u00e9mite ou x\u00e9nophobe : <a href=\"https:\/\/ www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990&amp;dateTexte=20200310\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990&amp;dateTexte=20200310<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_38').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_38', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, tant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du mobile que des d\u00e9lais de prescription. Enfin, la diffusion d\u2019enregistrements d\u2019images li\u00e9es \u00e0 la commission d\u2019infractions, exposant \u00e0 une peine de cinq ans d\u2019emprisonnement et 75 000 euros d\u2019amende<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_39');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1555_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_39');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">39)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_39\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Loi n\u00b0 2007-297 du 5 mars 2007 relative \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention de la d\u00e9linquance : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000615568&amp;categorieLien=id\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ <u>affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000615568&amp;categorieLien=id<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1555_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>En d\u00e9finitive<\/strong>, l\u2019impact de la cybercriminalit\u00e9 sur la libert\u00e9 individuelle est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et tout le monde peut \u00eatre touch\u00e9. Son paradoxe consiste \u00e0 s\u2019\u00eatre banalis\u00e9e, au vu du nombre croissant de victimes, tout en restant marqu\u00e9e le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant par une forte innovation, au vu des moyens techniques et technologiques mis en oeuvre par ses auteurs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1555_1();\">&#x202F;<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1555_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1555_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_1555_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">S. Rolland, <i>La cybercriminalit\u00e9 est la nouvelle menace du XXIe si\u00e8cle<\/i>, La Tribune, 26 juillet 2015 :\u00a0<span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.latribune.fr\/technos-medias\/internet\/la-cybercriminalite-est-la-nouvelle-menace-du-xxie-siecle-485152.html\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.latribune.fr\/technos-medias\/internet\/la-cybercriminalite-est-la-nouvelle-menace-du-xxie-siecle-485152.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">C. Desjardin, <i>Quand le cauchemar de la cyberattaque devient r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/i>, Les Echos, 5 f\u00e9vrier 2015 : <span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/2015\/02\/quand-le-cauchemar-de-la-cyberattaque-devient-realite-199273\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.lesechos.fr\/2015\/02\/quand-le-cauchemar-de-la-cyberattaque-devient-realite-199273<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bradley, <em>2020 : La France championne des cyberattaques<\/em>, Silicon, 28 novembre 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.silicon.fr\/ avis-expert\/2020-la-france-championne-des-cyberattaques\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.silicon.fr\/ <u>avis-expert\/2020-la-france-championne-des-cyberattaques<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Centre gouvernemental de veille, d\u2019alerte et de r\u00e9ponse aux attaques informatiques, attaques publi\u00e9es au 9 mars 2020 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">G. Cornu, <i>Vocabulaire juridique<\/i>, PUF, 10\u00e8me \u00e9dition<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Agence nationale de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information, <em>D\u00e9fense et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information \u2013 Strat\u00e9gie de la France <\/em>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.gouv.fr\/uploads\/IMG\/pdf\/2011-02-15_Defense_et_securite_des_systemes_d_information_strategie_de_la_France.pdf\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.ssi.gouv.fr\/uploads\/IMG\/pdf\/<u>2011-02-15_Defense_et_securite_des_systemes_d_information_strategie_de_la_France.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">op. cit.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Loi n\u00b0 88-19 du 5 janvier 1988 relative \u00e0 la fraude informatique : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do? cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000875419&amp;categorieLien=id\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?<\/span><\/span><u>cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000875419&amp;categorieLien=id<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Convention cybercriminalit\u00e9 du Conseil de l&rsquo;Europe du 23 novembre 2001 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2014_2019\/documents\/libe\/dv\/7_conv_budapest_\/7_conv_budapest_fr.pdf\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/<\/span><\/span><u>2014_2019\/documents\/libe\/dv\/7_conv_budapest_\/7_conv_budapest_fr.pdf<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">D\u00e9cision-cadre du 13 juin 2002 du Conseil de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne relative \u00e0 la lutte contre le terrorisme : <a href=\"http:\/\/riServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002F0475:20081209:FR:PDF\"><u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eur-<\/span><\/u><u>lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002F0475:20081209:FR:PDF<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">D\u00e9cision-cadre du 28 novembre 2008 du Conseil de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne : <u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/<\/span><\/u> <u>TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32008F0913&amp;from=EN<\/u><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">D\u00e9cision n\u00b0 2009-580 DC du 10 juin 2009 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/decision\/2009\/2009580DC.htm\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/decision\/2009\/2009580DC.htm<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Article 11 de la D\u00e9claration des Droits de l&rsquo;Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 : <a href=\"http:\/\/Article 11 de la D\u00e9claration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen de 1789 : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/Droit-<\/span> francais\/Constitution\/Declaration-des-Droits-de-l-Homme-et-du-Citoyen-de-1789\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/Droit-<\/span><\/span> <u>francais\/Constitution\/Declaration-des-Droits-de-l-Homme-et-du-Citoyen-de-1789<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Conseil de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne 12 mai 2014 lignes directrices : <a href=\"http:\/\/data.consilium.europa.eu\/doc\/document\/ST-9647-2014-INIT\/fr\/pdf\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/data.consilium.europa.eu\/doc\/document\/<\/span><u>ST-9647-2014-INIT\/fr\/pdf<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Conseil de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne 13 janvier 2016 lignes directrices : <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/09000016805c1ecd\"><u><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/09000016805c1ecd<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">op. cit. D\u00e9cision n\u00b0 2009-580 DC du 10 juin 2009<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">A. Lepage, <i>Internet au regard de la loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la presse : un mode communication comme un autre ?<\/i>, in : A. Lepage (dir.), <i>L&rsquo;opinion num\u00e9rique. Internet : un nouvel esprit public<\/i>, 2 novembre 2006<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><i>Etude annuelle 2014 du Conseil d&rsquo;Etat &#8211; Le num\u00e9rique et les droits fondamentaux<\/i>, 9 septembre 2014 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/rapport\/34281-etude-annuelle-2014-du-conseil-detat-le-numerique-et-les-droits-fonda\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.vie-publique.fr\/rapport\/34281-etude-annuelle-2014-du-conseil-detat-le-numerique-et-les-droits-fonda<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">op. cit. <i>Etude annuelle 2014 du Conseil d&rsquo;Etat &#8211; Le num\u00e9rique et les droits fondamentaux<\/i>, 9 septembre 2014<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Loi n\u00b0 2004-575 du 21 juin 2004 pour la confiance dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000801164\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/<u>affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000801164<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">D\u00e9cret n\u00b02007-1527 du 24 octobre 2007 relatif au droit de r\u00e9ponse applicable aux services de communication au public en ligne et pris pour l&rsquo;application du IV de l&rsquo;article 6 de la loi n\u00b0 2004-575 du 21 juin 2004 pour la confiance dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do;?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000428279\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do;?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000428279<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">op.cit. D\u00e9cret n\u00b02007-1527 du 24 octobre 2007<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_23');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">op. cit. D\u00e9cret n\u00b02007-1527 du 24 octobre 2007<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_24');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Carbonnier, <em>Droit civil : Les personnes<\/em>, tome I, 20\u00e8me \u00e9dition, 1996, n\u00b086<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_25');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cornu, <em>Vocabulaire juridique<\/em>, PUF, 10\u00e8me \u00e9dition<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_26');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Article 9 du code civil : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006419288&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721&amp;dateTexte=19940730\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?<\/span><\/span><u>idArticle=LEGIARTI000006419288&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721&amp;dateTexte=19940730<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_27');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Articles 226-1 \u00e0 226-7 du code p\u00e9nal : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCode.do;jsessionid=8981B9C43EC7A1790EB31FDE8B677607.tplgfr22s_2?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006165309&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&amp;dateTexte=20020101\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/<u>affichCode.do;jsessionid=8981B9C43EC7A1790EB31FDE8B677607.tplgfr22s_2?<\/u><u>idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006165309&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&amp;dateTexte=20020101<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_28');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Initialement CA Besan\u00e7on 5 janvier 1978, plus r\u00e9cemment CA d\u2019Aix-en-Provence, 9 janvier 2006 : <u>https:\/\/<\/u> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?idTexte=JURITEXT000006949097<\/span><\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_29\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_29');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>29<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">TGI Paris, 17\u00e8me chambre, 17 d\u00e9cembre 2014, n\u00b0 13\/12734 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doctrine.fr\/d\/TGI\/Paris\/2014\/ FRCB250CB73A93345F35CD\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.doctrine.fr\/d\/TGI\/Paris\/2014\/<\/span><\/span> <u>FRCB250CB73A93345F35CD<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_30\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_30');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>30<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Civ 1\u00e8re, 9 avril 2014, n\u00b0 12-29.588 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do? idTexte=JURITEXT000028843900\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<\/span><\/span> <u>idTexte=JURITEXT000028843900<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_31\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_31');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>31<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Civ 1\u00e8re, 10 septembre 2014, n\u00b0 13-12.464 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029453517&amp;fastReqId=1053008442&amp;fastPos=1\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<\/span><\/span><u>oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029453517&amp;fastReqId=1053008442&amp;fastPos=1<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_32\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_32');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>32<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Crim, 15 octobre 2014, 12-82.391 et 14-85.056 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029606490\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<\/span><\/span><u>oldAction=rechJuriJudi&amp;idTexte=JURITEXT000029606490<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_33\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_33');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>33<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse : <a href=\"http:\/\/Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse : <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?<\/span> cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070722\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do? <u>cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070722<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_34\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_34');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>34<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">TGI Paris, 3\u00e8me chambre, 19 octobre 2007, n\u00b0 06\/11874 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?idTexte=JURITEXT000018863985\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichJuriJudi.do?<u>idTexte=JURITEXT000018863985<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_35\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_35');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>35<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">op. cit. Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_36\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_36');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>36<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">cit. Loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_37\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_37');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>37<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Loi n\u00b0 90-615 du 13 juillet 1990 tendant \u00e0 r\u00e9primer tout acte raciste, antis\u00e9mite ou x\u00e9nophobe : <a href=\"https:\/\/ www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_38\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_38');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>38<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Loi n\u00b0 90-615 du 13 juillet 1990 tendant \u00e0 r\u00e9primer tout acte raciste, antis\u00e9mite ou x\u00e9nophobe : <a href=\"https:\/\/ www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990&amp;dateTexte=20200310\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><span lang=\"FR\">www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000532990&amp;dateTexte=20200310<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1555_1_39\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1555_1_39');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>39<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Loi n\u00b0 2007-297 du 5 mars 2007 relative \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention de la d\u00e9linquance : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000615568&amp;categorieLien=id\"><u>https:\/\/<\/u>www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ <u>affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000615568&amp;categorieLien=id<\/u><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_1555_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1555_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1555_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_1555_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1555_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1555_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1555_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1555_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1555_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_1555_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_1555_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1555_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_1555_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1555_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab La cybercriminalit\u00e9 est la nouvelle menace du XXIe si\u00e8cle \u00bb1)S. Rolland, La cybercriminalit\u00e9 est la nouvelle menace du XXIe si\u00e8cle, La Tribune, 26 juillet 2015 :\u00a0www.latribune.fr\/technos-medias\/internet\/la-cybercriminalite-est-la-nouvelle-menace-du-xxie-siecle-485152.html. L\u2019alerte n\u2019est pas vaine et s\u2019explique par la forte expansion de la criminalit\u00e9 dans l\u2019environnement num\u00e9rique. A l\u2019\u00e9chelle du monde, 42,8 millions de cyberattaques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9es en &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/liberte-individuelle-et-cybercriminalite\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \u00ab\u00a0Libert\u00e9 individuelle et cybercriminalit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contributions","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1555\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kr-new.dominocom.lu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}